However, there are two notable weaknesses underlying current propositions postulating that only certain innovation systems enable the creation of new industries: first, they mistakenly confound context specific with general empirical observations.
It has additionally been argued that unlike the American innovation system, with its proven ability to give birth to new industries, the inherent path dependency of the Japanese innovation system makes innovation and establishment of new industries quite difficult. Literature has ascribed Japan's weakness – or conversely, America's strength – to the specific institutional settings and competences of actors within the respective national innovation system. An oft-cited example is Japan's practical invisibility in the global business software sector. ABSTRACT: In contrast to the US and recently Europe, Japan appears to be unsuccessful in establishing new industries. Thus, the Korean state still intends to foster a strategic industry but its manner of commitments became comprehensive and flexible.Īuthor: Cornelia Storz In: ResearchPolic圓7(2008)1480–1491. Then, the government set up an affiliated organisation that undertook a wide range of measures from technological upgrading, managerial and human resource development, global connections, and education. The government changed the basic perception of the industry from a negative amusement industry to a positive cultural industry to be fostered for the new millennium.
Unlike Japan, the development of the game industry was sustained by intensive government intervention in South Korea. Games were positioned as main sources for creating internationally competitive media contents, and the government has provided environments where innovative companies and individuals can develop their skills and expertises and intensified the protection of intellectual property rights overseas. Although the Japanese game industry achieved market-oriented growth until the 1990s, the government's involvement in the industry became salient after the new millennium. This article examines the development of the game industry in Japan and South Korea with particular attention to the role of the government in fostering a creative industrial sector.
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